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XVIII. Public Health and Recreational Area
Insects
M.P. Nolan, Jr., S.K. Braman, W.G. Hudson and B.L.
Sparks
In 1996, flies were the most expensive public health insects to
control. Most of the costs involved garbage management and screening to exclude various
filth flies from buildings. The house fly was the most common filth fly encountered.
Government agencies that were dedicated to the control of a
single insect pest were primarily concerned with mosquitoes. Some counties in the state
had one or more mosquito control programs. Mosquito numbers were moderate most of the
season. There were two human cases of anthropod borne encephalitis reported in 1995 and
two in 1994; two human cases of EEE in 1991 but no cases for EEE or any of the other
arthropod borne encephalitides reported in 1992, 1993 or 1996. In 1991 there were 24
imported malaria cases, 17 in 1992, 25 in 1993, 43 in 1994, 41 in 1995 and 38 in 1996.
Ticks, mostly lone star ticks, American dog ticks and black
legged ticks, were present in many sections of the state. Their bites and their ability to
serve as vectors of Lyme disease and Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (RMSF) made them
important public health arthropods. There was 1 reported case of Lyme disease in 1996
compared to 14 in 1995, 127 in 1994, 63 in 1993, 48 in 1992, 25 in 1991, 161 in 1990, 715
in 1989, 59 in 1988, 4 in 1987 and none in previous years. There were 66 cases of RMSF in
1996 as compared to 9 cases in 1995, 62 cases in 1994, 45 cases in 1993, 42 cases in 1992,
41 cases in 1991 (including one death), 18 in 1990 (including one death), and 25 in 1989.
(Data on vector borne diseases provided by the Office of Epidemiology and Prevention
Branch, Georgia Department of Human Resources).
Summary of Insect Control and Loss Estimates -
1996
 |
| Rank 1
2
3
4
5
6
7 |
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Insect Flies (non-biting)
Mosquitoes
Others1
Ticks and chiggers
Head lice
Eye gnats
Yellow jackets |
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Cost of Control $25,301,000
15,656,000
3,527,000
2,601,000
2,503,600
2,316,000
1,815,000 |
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1Others includes spiders, biting flies, bees and
other stinging insects (other than yellow jackets).
Cost of Control |
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window screens
screened doors
aerosol sprays
garbage removal
garbage dumpsters
garbage cans
fly swatters |
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$ 3,599,008
5,758,413
1,919,471
11,996,695
119,966
1,199,669
707,805
$25,301,027 |
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window screens
screened doors
aerosol sprays
repellents
abatement programs
hospitalization
doctor fees
druggist fees |
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$3,599,008
5,758,413
1,919,471
1,259,652
2,948,150
152,000
15,200
3,800
$15,655,694 |
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window screens
screened doors
aerosol sprays
repellents
doctor fees
druggist fees |
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$899,752
1,439,603
479,867
359,900
248,503
99,401
$3,527,026 |
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repellents
doctor fees
druggist fees
hospitalization
acaracides (residential)
acaracides (organizations) |
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$1,079,702
26,800
6,700
268,000
1,199,669
20,000
$2,600,871 |
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doctor fees
druggist fees |
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$ 1,291,640
1,210,932
$2,502,572 |
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window screens
screened doors
aerosol sprays
doctor fees
druggist fees |
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$ 449,876
719,801
239,933
324,576
81,144
$1,815,330 |
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Cost of Control Estimates |
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Mosquitoes - 40%,
Flies, - 40%, Eye gnats - 5%
Yellow jackets - 5%, Others - 10%1,2 |
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1. Window screens - 10 screens/residence x
$10.00/screen = $100/residence x 2,399,3393 residences = $239,933,900. 20 year
life/screen = $11,996,695/year x 75% who have window screens |
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2. Screened doors - 2 screened
doors/residence x $60/screened door = $120/residence x 2,399,339 residences =
$287,920,680. 15 year life span/screen door = $19,194,712/year x 75% who have screened
doors |
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3. Aerosol sprays - 1/2-15 oz. aerosol
insecticide spray can/residence. $4/can x 1/2 can x 2,399,339 residences = $4,798,678 |
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$ 4,798,678
__________
$28,192,233 |
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Mosquitoes - 35%, Ticks and
Chiggers - 30%,
Eye gnats - 25%, Others - 10%1 |
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4. Repellents - 1/2 -15 oz. aerosol spray
can/ residence. $3/can x 1/2 x 2,399,339 residences = $3,599,008 |
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5. Mosquito Abatement Program
(a) Six abatement districts (Chatham, Bibb, Glynn, Dougherty,
Richmond and Muscogee Counties)
(b) About 1174 county/city programs, $4,500/program |
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$ 2,421,650 |
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$ 526,500
_______
$ 2,948,150 |
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6. Doctor fees - 0 encephalitis cases, 38
imported malaria cases $4005 / case x 38 cases = $15,200 |
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7. Hospitalization - $4,0005/case
x 38 cases = $152,000 |
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8. Druggist Fees - $1005/case x
38 cases = $3,800 |
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$3,800
_________ $3,119,150 |
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9. Garbage removal - $50/residence/year x
2,399,339 residences = $119,966,950 x 10% (portion attributed to insect control) =
$11,996,695/year |
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10. Garbage disposal units (dumpsters -
county, commercial and industrial) - $500/unit; 1 unit/100 residences. 23,993 units x $500
x 10% (portion attributed to insect control) = $1,199,669. 10 year life span/unit =
$119,966/year |
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11. Garbage cans (residential) -
2/residence = $15/can x 2 x 2,399,339 residences = $71,980,170 x 10% (portion attributed
to insect control) = $7,198,017. 6 year life span/can = $1,199,669 |
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12. Fly swatters - 1/2 fly
swatter/residence $0.59/fly swatter x 1/2 x 2,399,339 residences = $707,805 |
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Ticks and Chiggers - 100% |
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13. Acaracides (residential) - of
2,399,339 residences, estimated 5% purchase $10.00 acaracide for tick control in yards |
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14. Acaracides (public and private
organizations) |
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15. Doctor fees - 66 RMSF cases and 1 Lyme
case $4005 /case x 67 cases = $26,800 |
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16. Hospitalization - $40005/case
x 67 cases = $268,000 |
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17. Druggist fees - $1006/case
x 67 cases = $6,700 |
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$ 6,700
_________ $1,521,169 |
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Yellow jackets - 40%, Others1 -
49%, Eye gnats - 1%, Mosquitoes - 10% |
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18. Doctor fees (bites and stings) 1
visit/100 residences at $40/visit = 20,286 residences x $40/visit = $811,440 |
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19. Druggist fees - 1 visit/100 residences
at $10/ visit = 20,286 residences x $10 = $202,866 |
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$ 202,860
_______
$ 1,014,300 |
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20. Doctor fees - 4% of 807,2886 school
children in ages 5-10 = 32,291 at $40/visit x 32,291 = $1,291,640 |
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21. Druggist fees - pediculicides for head
lice - $10/pediculicide x 807,2886 school children in ages 5-10 15% estimated infestation
= $1,210,932 |
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$ 1,210,932
_______
$ 2,502,572 |
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1 Others includes spiders, biting flies, bees and other stinging
insects (other than yellow jackets).
2 Estimated percent importance insect has to control
3 1990 (Jan. 1991) Census data
4 Based on 1988 county agent survey for mosquito control programs by county
5 Based on New York State Department of Health report of over $4,000 hospital cost/case of
Lyme disease reported by CDC, Lyme Disease Surveillance, Vol. 4, No. 2, March 1993.
6 Based on 1988 Georgia County Guide, Cooperative Extension Service |
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