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XII. Livestock and Poultry Insects
M. P. Nolan, Jr. and D. C. Sheppard
During 1996, horn flies on beef cattle; and stable flies on beef
cattle, dairy cattle and horses were major concerns to livestock producers in
Georgia. Lice, primarily blood sucking lice on swine and beef cattle, caused
production problems. Mites, mostly northern fowl mites on poultry breeders and
layers and sarcoptic mites on swine, were damaging. In broiler operations, litter
beetles were of most concern. House flies caused public relations and nuisance
problems near some livestock and poultry facilities.
Estimates of Losses and Control Costs
Rank |
Insect |
Cost of Control |
Damage |
Total |
1 |
Darkling beetles |
$1,371,000 |
$8,476,000 |
$9,847,000 |
2 |
Horn fly |
2,311,000 |
7,117,000 |
9,428,000 |
3 |
House fly |
1,222,000 |
2,991,000 |
4,213,000 |
4 |
Stable fly |
932,000 |
3,065,000 |
3,997,000 |
5 |
Lice |
715,000 |
2,204,000 |
2,919,000 |
6 |
Northern fowl mite |
451,000 |
797,000 |
1,248,000 |
7 |
Mites (animal) |
222,000 |
575,000 |
797,000 |
8 |
Grubs and bots |
66,000 |
170,000 |
236,000 |
9 |
Face fly |
43,000 |
137,000 |
180,000 |
10 |
Horse fly |
29,000 |
42,000 |
71,000 |
| |
Total |
$7,362,000 |
$25,575,000 |
$32,937,000 |
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| Estimates of Losses and Control Costs for Each Group of Livestock
and Associated Pests in Georgia in 1996 |
|
Pest |
Cost of Control |
Damage |
Total |
BEEF CATTLE
Horn fly (68%)
Lice (15%)
Stable fly (15%)
Grubs (1%)
Face fly (1%)
Subtotal |
$2,274,600
501,750
501,750
33,450
33,450
$3,345,000 |
$6,838,760
1,508,550
1,508,550
100,570
100,570
$10,057,000 |
$9,113,360
2,010,300
2,010,300
134,020
134,020
$13,402,000 |
DAIRY CATTLE
Stable fly (40%)
House fly (38%)
Lice (10%)
Horn fly (10%)
Grubs (1%)
Face fly (1%)
Subtotal |
$147,200
139,840
36,800
36,800
3,680
3,680
$368,000
|
$1,112,800
1,057,160
278,200
278,200
27,820
27,820
$2,782,000 |
$1,260,000
1,197,000
315,000
315,000
31,500
31,500
$3,150,000 |
HORSES
Stable fly (45%)
House fly (40%)
Horse fly (5%)
Bots (5%)
Lice (4%)
Face fly (1%)
Subtotal |
$258,300
229,600
28,700
28,700
22,960
5,740
$574,000
|
$379,800
337,600
42,200
42,200
33,760
8,440
$844,000
|
$638,100
567,200
70,900
70,900
56,720
14,180
$1,418,000
|
POULTRY
Layers
House flies (60%)
Northern Fowl mites (35%)
Darkling beetles (5%)
Subtotal
Broilers
Darkling Beetles (100%)
Turkeys
Darkling Beetles (60%)
Northern Fowl mites (40%)
Subtotal |
$754,200
439,950
62,850
$1,257,000
$1,292,000
$16,000
11,000
$27,000 |
$1,341,000
782,250
111,750
$2,235,000
$8,343,000
$21,600
14,400
$36,000
|
$2,095,200
1,222,200
174,600
$3,492,000
$9,635,000
$37,600
25,400
$63,000 |
SWINE
Mites (45%)
Lice (30%)
House fly (20%)
Stable fly (5%)
Subtotal |
$221,850
147,900
98,600
24,650
$493,000
|
$574,650
383,100
255,400
63,850
$1,270,000
|
$796,500
531,000
354,000
88,500
$1,770,000
|
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| Information Pertaining to Control of Major Arthropod Pests of
Livestock and Poultry in Georgia in 1996 |
Animal and Pest Complex1 |
Production Inventory Total (1000)2 |
Average Yield2 |
Average Price2 |
No. Treated/ Untreated Head |
No. Treatments |
Average Cost of Treatments |
Yield Loss Treated/
Untreated |
Beef Cattle
Horn fly (68%)
Lice (15%)
Stable fly (15%)
Grubs (1%)
Face fly (1%) |
3,230 |
993 lbs/hd
$0.342/lb |
Calves- $0.492/lb
Cows- $0.30/lb |
1,115,000 (50%)
1,115,000
(50%) |
3/hd |
$3/hd |
2.4 lbs/hd
$0.82/hd
24 lbs/hd
$8.20/hd |
Dairy Cattle
Stable fly (40%)
House fly (38%)
Lice (10%)
Horn fly (10%)
Grubs (1%)
Face fly (1%) |
97 |
15,320 lbs milk/cow |
$16.30 /100 lb milk |
92,150 (90%)
4,850 (10%) |
6/hd |
$4/hd |
153 lbs milk/hd
$24.94/hd
612 lbs milk/hd $99.76/hd |
Horses
Stable fly (45%)
House fly (40%)
Horse fly (5%)
Bots (5%)
Lice (5%)
Face fly (1%) |
225 |
N/A |
$1000 |
191,250 (85%)
33,750 (15%) |
6/hd |
$3/hd |
$2.50/hd
$25/hd |
Poultry
Layers
Breeders Commercial eggs
House flies (60%)
N. fowl mite (35%)
Darkling beetles (5%)
Broilers
Darkling beetles (100%)
Turkeys
N. fowl mites (60%)
Darkling beetles (40%) |
18,626
7,948
10,678
1,154,000
550
|
244 eggs/layer
229 eggs/layer
259 eggs/layer
4.9 lb/bird
30.9 lbs/bird
|
$1.00/
dzn
$1.36/ dzn
$0.645/ dzn
$0.39/lb
$1.91/ bird
$0.43/lb |
16,763,000 (90%)
1,863,000 (10%)
807,800,000 birds (70%)
346,200,000 birds (30%)
275,000 (50%)
275,000 (50%)
|
1/bird
1/bird
4/bird
|
$0.075/layer
$0.0016/bird
$0.10/bird
|
1 egg/layer
$0.08/layer
6 eggs/layer
$0.48/layer
0.01 lb/bird
$0.0039/bird
0.04 lb/bird
$0.015/bird
0.05 lb/bird
$0.02/bird
0.25 lb/bird
$0.11/bird
|
Swine
Mites (45%)
Lice (30%)
House fly (20%)
Stable fly (5%) |
2,348 |
250 lbs/hd |
$0.49/lb |
1,644,000 (70%)
704,000 (30%) |
2/hd |
$0.30/hd |
0.3 lb./hd
$0.147/hd
3 lbs/hd
$1.47/hd |
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1 Estimated percent importance each insect has to control
2 Georgia Farm Report, Georgia Agricultural Statistics Service, Athens GA
30613-5099 |
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