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Practice Problems Forestry Problem Index ROW & Aquatic Problem Index To prepare 3 gallons of a 3 percent Accord solution requires how many ounces of Accord?. How much Accord is needed?
3 gallons x 0.03 = .09 gallon A spray unit with a 400 gallon tank is calibrated to apply 20 gallons per acre. Instructions call for 3 pounds of active ingredient per acre of a 70 percent wettable powder. How many pounds of the product should be added to the tank?
Treated acres per tank Treated acres per tank 20 ac / tank Treated acres per tank A contractor arrives, and you request a calibration check. The contract requires an application rate of 16 gpa. The check run is made at the planned speed, expending 7 1/2 gallons. You measure the area sprayed, and it is 30 feet by 690 feet. Do you accept the application rate? (In most instances, 5 percent above or below the allowed rate is acceptable.)
How much area sprayed? 30 ft. x 690 ft. / 43,560 sq. ft / ac = 0.475 ac How many gpa? 7.5 gal / 0.475 ac = 15.78 gpa Rate O.K.? 15.78 gpa / 16 gpa = 98.6% of desired Rate is O.K. (only 1.4% off) You have a site preparation project. The spray unit tank holds 300 gallons and you want to apply 30 gallons of the mixture per acre. The prescription calls for 1.5 gallons of Garlon 4 per acre, 1/2 percent adjuvant, and 4 ounces of drift control agent per 100 gallons of spray mixture. How much of each would you add per tank?
Acres per tank? 300 gal / tank / 30 gal / ac = 10 ac / tank Gallons of Garlon 4? 10 ac x 1.5 gal / ac = 15 gal Adjuvant? 300 gal x 0.005 = 1.5 gal Drift control agent? 300 gal x 4 liq oz / 100 gal = 12 liq oz You have a 30 acre area to be sprayed with 5 quarts of herbicide per acre in a 20 gallon/acre water spray mixture. The mixture is also to include 4 ounces of drift control agent per 100 gallons. How much of each chemical will you need to do the job, including water?
Total mixture needed 30 ac x 20 gal /ac = 600 gal 2,4-DP needed 5 qt / ac x 30 ac = 150 qt (37.5 gal) Drift retardant needed 4 liq oz / 100 gal x 600 gal = 24 liq oz Final Solution in tank – 600 gallons total mixture as
You plan to treat a 60 acre site preparation area with 3 quarts of Garlon 4 and 1 quart Accord per acre. How many gallons of each chemical do you need for the job?
Gallons Garlon 4? 60 ac x 3 qt / ac = 180 qt / 4 qt / gal = 45 gallons Gallons Accord? 60 ac x 1 qt / ac = 60 qt / 4 qt / gal = 15 gal A ground spray unit is calibrated to apply 40 gallons per acre at 4 mph. The spray unit speeds up to 8 mph. What is the new application rate?
Rule of thumb Double the speed = 1/2 the coverage 40 gal / ac at 4 mph -- 40/2 gal / ac or 20 gal / ac at 8 mph Another spray unit is calibrated to apply 25 gallons per acre at 4 mph. The spray pressure is increased from 15 psi to 60 psi. What is the new application rate? Calibrated to deliver 25 gpa at 15 psi pressure increased to 60 psi. New rate? Rule of thumb 60 psi / 15 psi = 4 New pressure is 4x old pressure 4 x pressure = 2 x the rate 25 gal x 2 = 50 gpa You plan to inject a 40 acre stand with Accord. The Accord is to be diluted with two parts water to one part herbicide, and 1 ml of the diluted mixture is to be injected into each cut, with 2 inches between centers of the injector cuts. There are 400 stems per acre to be treated, with an average stem diameter of 7 inches. How many gallons of undiluted Accord is needed for the project?
Number of stems to treat 40 ac x 400 stems / ac = 16,000 stems 7 in. x 3.1416 = 21.98 in. circumference Graphically this is: 7 in. dbh x 3.1416 (-- "pi") = 21.98 in. circumference 22 in. / 32 in. = 11 cuts / stem 16,000 stems Number of cuts per stem 11 cuts per stem Total number of cuts 16,000 stems x 11 cuts / stem = 176,000 cuts Total ml of dilution needed 176,000 cuts x 1 ml / cut = 176,000 ml 176,000 ml = 176 L Total Accord needed 176 L / 3.785 L/gal = 58.66 gal You have a pond which averages 20 feet wide, 100 feet long, and 5 feet deep, with a population of bluegills and rainbow trout. A five gallon container of Accord is accidentally spilled into the pond. Would you expect a fish kill? If so, what could be done to reduce or prevent the kill? (1 cubic foot of water = 28.32 liters; 1 pound = 453.6 grams.)
Volume of pond? 10,000 cu ft Convert to metric 10,000 cu ft x 28.32 L / cu ft = 283,200 L How much Accord in pond in metric?
Volume of pond in metric 283,200 L How much Accord in pond? 23,133,600 mg Average Accord in pond? 23,133,600 mg / 283,200 L = 81.7 mg / L (= ppm) = 81.7 ppm
Average Accord in pond? 81.7 ppm Neither bluegill nor catfish are expected to be seriously affected by this spill. Had Roundup been spilled in the pond at the same 81.7 ppm
Had Roundup been spilled in the pond at the same 81.7 ppm Both would be expected to be seriously affected bluegill more than catfish. You have another pond which averages 25 feet wide, 100 feet long, and 4 feet deep; it contains a population of bluegills and is regularly used by mallard ducks. A one gallon container of Garlon 3A is accidentally spilled into the pond. Would you expect a fish kill? Would you expect the ducks to die from eating fish, minnows, plants, and seeds from the pond? (1 cubic foot of water = 62.4 pounds; 1 gallon of water = 8.3 lbs.).
Volume of the pond 25 ft. x 4 ft. x 100 ft. = 10,000 cu. ft 1 cu ft = 7.48 gals 10,000 cu ft x 7.48 gal/cu ft = 74,800 gal Concentration in the Pond gal Garlon / gal pond x 1,000,000 = ppm Garlon in pond 1 / 74,800 x 1000000 = 13.4 ppm At the concentration there is little risk to either fish (bluegill = 471 ppm) or ducks (>10,000 ppm) from this spill. You are supervising a crew performing pine release by directed foliar spray, using backpack sprayers. The herbicide tank mix calls for 0.4 ounces of Arsenal and 2 ounces of Bullseye Spray Pattern Indicator per gallon in water, plus 1/2% Cide-Kick by volume. Your backpacks hold three gallons apiece. How much of each chemical do you mix with water in each backpack?
Your contractor arrives at the work center with a 200-gallon nurse tank in his crew truck to pick up herbicide mix for site preparation. You are aware that DOT regulations prohibit transportation of more than 1,000 pounds of herbicide (total weight of material plus packaging) in a vehicle unless the driver has a commercial drivers licence with hazardous materials certification, and the contractor does not have such a license. -- Cont’d. The empty nurse tank weighs 60 pounds, and the herbicide mix you are using is an emulsion of 5 ounces of Garlon 4 per gallon in water. The specific gravity of Garlon shown in the MSDS is 1.08 (1.08 times the weight of water), so you correctly assume that the Garlon will not significantly increase the weight of the mixture above the weight of plain water. Given that water weighs 8.3 pounds per gallon, how many gallons of herbicide mix should you put into the tank?
At a specific gravity of 1.08 the effect is negligible on the total mixture weight so use 8.3 for entire mix. 1,000 lbs max weight – 60 lb tank = 940 lb allowable mixture / 8.3 lb/gal = 113.25 gal allowable mixture. Probably wise to keep the load to 100 gal. You are preparing to do a site preparation job on a pine regeneration area, using an electric spray rig mounted on a four-wheeler. The sprayer has a 30-gallon tank, and your tank mix is to be 3 ounces of Garlon 4 and 0.4 ounces of Arsenal per gallon of mix, in water, plus 0.5% Cide-Kick. How much of each chemical do you need per tankful?
The spray rig in problem #3 has a boom equipped with four Spraying Systems #8003 flat fan nozzles. At its normal operating pressure of 40 PSI, what is the sprayer's application rate in gallons per minute?
8003 nozzle applies 0.3 gal/min at 40 psi at an 80o angle. 4 nozzles x 0.3 gpm / nozzle = 1.2 gpm. The spray rig above has an effective swath width of eight feet. You want to apply five gallons of tank mix per acre. At what speed (in feet per second) must you operate to achieve this application rate? What is this in miles per hour?
Maximum safe speed for the four-wheeler with the spray rig above in your site preparation area is 5 MPH. How could you modify the sprayer to apply herbicide at the desired rate without exceeding this speed? Maximum safe speed is 5 mph. From previous problem we know that we should be going 14.8 mph to get the desired output ( = 3 times the safe speed). If we reduce speed to 5 mph we triple the rate of application, so we must reduce flow of product. Changing the spray nozzles from 8003 to 8001 nozzles will reduce the output per nozzle from 0.3 gpm to 0.1 gpm which reduces the output the desired amount. (What you would not do is adjust pressure in the system). You are going to do a site preparation project with Velpar L herbicide, using backpacks and gunjets equipped to apply 2 milliliters per "spot." Based on your soil type, you want to apply 5 pints per acre. What spacing should you use for your spot application grid?
You are planning a "streamline" application of Garlon 4 to release oak regeneration from hardwood competition in a group of stands following shelterwood cutting. The total area to be treated is 135 acres, and a preliminary check indicates that there are an average of 2,600 stems per acre to be treated. Experience tells you that you will use an average of 3 milliliters of herbicide mix per stem. How much of the herbicide mix will you need for the project?
For the project in problem #8, you are going to use a solution of Garlon 4 in JLB Oil Plus "Improved." In the past, you have ordered JLB Oil Plus in 30-gallon drums containing 25 gallons of oil, and prepared the mix by adding 5 gallons of Garlon to each drum. This year, you want to order the carrier oil in JLB's new 15-gallon plastic, returnable containers, and mix the herbicide in a 50-gallon nurse tank. To duplicate the mixture you formerly used, how much Garlon and how much oil would you put in each tankful?
Garlon 4 1/ 6 x 50 gal = 8.3 gal. JLB Plus 5/6 of mix x 50 gal = 41.7 gal. To get JLB Oil-Plus in the 15-gallon returnable containers, you have to order them by the pallet, which is 8 containers. How many pallets will you need to order for the project in problem #8?
A sprayer is calibrated to apply 15 gallons per acre (gpa) at a speed of 4 miles per hour (mph). What would the application rate be if the speed were slowed to 2 mph?
A sprayer is calibrated to apply 15 gpa at a pressure of 20 psi. What is the pressure required to increase the output to 30 gpa without a change in speed, or a change in nozzles?
Prescription requires 8 gallons of herbicide in a 200 gallon spray solution. If you only need 50 gallons of solution, how many gallons of herbicide will you need?
You want to apply 1 1/2 (1.5) gals of pesticide per acre in 25 gallons of a mixture with water. How many gallons of pesticide would you need for 30 acres? How much total mixture will you require? How many gallons of water will you need?
The spray rate is 3 gpm, spray width is 40 feet, and the sprayer travels at a rate of 200 feet every 2 minutes. What is the spray rate in gallons per acre?
You must treat a 40 acre site by injection. There are an average of 3,000 stems per acre to be injected with 2 ml of herbicide. How much herbicide is needed?
You must treat a 40 acre site by injection. There are an average of 200 stems per acre to be injected with 1 ml of herbicide per cut. Hack is on a 3” center and the average stem diameter is 5”. How much herbicide is needed?
5 in. dbh x 3.1416 (-- "pi") = 15.7 in. circumference. 15.7 in. / 3 in. = 5 cuts/ stem. 5 cut / stem x 1 ml / cut x 200 stem / ac x 40 ac = approximately 40,000 ml = 40 L or 10 gallons. Note that this number is a little low since the average stem required 5.2 cuts (= 10.5 gal solution). Right-Of-Way (R-O-W) Problem #1 If you treat 15 feet on both sides of a road for 10 miles, how many acres were treated?
How many sq ft 15 ft. x 2 x 5280 ft. / mi x 10 mi = 1,584,000 sq ft. How many acres? 1,584,000 sq ft / 43,560 sq ft / ac = 36.4 ac. How many gallons of a herbicide is needed to treat 15 feet on both sides of a road for 5 miles at 2 gallons per acre?
A road right-of-way spray unit is calibrated to apply 25 gpa at 8 mph. The speed is reduced to 4 mph. What is the resulting application rate?
Another spray unit is calibrated to apply 20 gpa at 6 mph. The spray pressure is reduced from 50 psi to 12.5 psi. What is the application rate now?
You have a spray tank which holds 400 gallons, and you want to apply 20 gallons of the mix per acre. The prescription calls for 1 ¼ gallons of 2,4-D per acre, 3 ozs of drift control agent per 100 gallons of mix, and 1% adjuvant. How much of each would you add per tank?
You require a contractor to make a calibration check. The contract requires 25 gpa of mix to be applied. The contractor makes a calibration run at the planned speed expending 6 gallons. You measure the treatment area and it is 20 x 545 feet. Do you accept this application rate? (5% above or below the specified rate is considered acceptable.)
You plan to apply a 25 gallon per acre treatment of herbicide to 20 miles of right-of-way, spraying 15 feet on both sides of the road. The prescription calls for 1 ½ gallons of 2,4-D ester per acre plus 3 ounces of Poly Control (drift retardant) per 100 gallons of spray solution. Calculate the gallons of 2,4-D, ounces of drift retardant, and the minimum gallons of water needed for the project.
You are transporting 20 gallons of Garlon 4 to a road right-of-way spray site. The transport truck overturns and one 5 gallon can burst spilling into a pond containing Bluegill (fish). You measure the pond and it is 200 feet wide, 320 feet long, and an average of 6 feet deep. Would you expect a fish kill? Notes:1 cu. ft. water = 28.32 liters; 1 lb = 453.6 gms.
You are planning to treat a 12’ swath on each side of a road R-O-W for 6 miles. How many acres are to be treated? How much Krenite will you nee to treat the R-O-W with 2 gpa of Krenite?
How many sq. ft 12 ft. x 2 x 5280 ft. / mi x 6 mi = 760,320 sq ft How many acres? 760,320 sq ft / 43,560 sq ft / ac = 17.45 ac How much Krenite? 17.5 ac x 2 gal / ac = 35 gal A pond has a 20 surface acres and an average depth of 2 feet. How many acre feet of water does it contain?
Another pond is 100 feet long by 500 feet wide with an average depth of 4 feet. How many acre feet of water does it contain?
You plan to apply 30 pounds of a chemical per acre foot of water. The surface of the water body is 300 feet by 10 feet with an average depth of 10 feet. How many pounds of a 50% granule do you need?
Pro-Noxfish (Rotenone) is normally applied at the rate of 1 gallon per 2 acre feet being treated. How many gallons of Pro-Noxfish are required to treat a pond 420 ft by 105 ft with an average depth of 4 ft?
You are applying herbicide with a 30 foot spray boom at a rate of 50 feet per minute. If you apply 2 gallons per minute, how many gallons are applied per surface acre?
Cutrine Plus liquid is labeled for the control of algae. A pond (10 surface acres x 4 ft deep) is treated. How much Cutrine Plus is needed to treat the pond at a rate of 0.4 ppm? [HINT: Check the label!]
An applicator is planning to apply 0.3 ppm of a herbicide to one surface acre of a 2 acre pond averaging 4 feet deep. While the 10 gallon container of herbicide is being loaded into the boat the bottom ruptures, spilling the entire contents into the lake. The label indicates that 1 ppm in water may result in fish kill. The product contains 2 lbs a.i./gal and its toxicity is based entirely on the a.i. -- Cont’d. Would you expect a fish kill in part of the pond, all of it, or none of it? What could have been done to prevent the accident? Notes: 1 cu ft of water = 62.4 lbs.
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The Bugwood Network and Forestry Images Image Archive and Database Systems The University of Georgia - Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources and College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences - Dept. of Entomology Last updated on Thursday, November 07, 2002 at 11:53 AM Questions and/or comments to the | |